Nathaniel Sauer

Cybersecurity and software engineer

All work

ip-fragmentation

OS fingerprinting through overlapping IP fragments, crafted with Scapy

securitycoursework

What it is

A CSE 468 Computer Network Security project. Operating systems disagree about how to reassemble IP fragments that overlap: some keep the data from the first fragment, others keep the last. That difference is visible from outside, so it can identify the OS on a remote host.

What I built

Overlapping IP fragment sequences crafted in Scapy, sent to probe each target’s reassembly behavior (first fragment wins or last fragment wins). I used the results to fingerprint remote operating systems.

Alongside it, I analyzed DNS, traceroute and PCAP captures, and worked through problem sets on RSA, AES, entropy, FFT and birthday attacks.